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Commerce and Culture: Stamps as a Vector for Pacific Exchange

Christina Ochoa

The Pacific Exchange exhibit looks at the changing nature of the mail trade between China and the United States from the Qing Dynasty (17th Century) to the modern-day People’s Republic of China. This exhibit demonstrates how the cultural elements of stamps and mail led to the evolution of Chinese stamp printing and helped diffuse ideas across nations.

 

The exhibit makes a strong argument for the way that the cross-Pacific mail trade led to the co-evolving mail and stamp system between the United States and China. The artifacts demonstrate specific moments that US and Chinese history intercepted, such as in 1942 when Sun Yat-sen adopted principles from Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address to make his “of the people, by the people, and for the people” slogan. This embracement of a US slogan led to Sun Yat-sen being printed on American stamps alongside Lincoln. Likewise, when China and the United States became allies under the New Equal Treaties in 1945, Chinese stamps reflected and celebrated the United States Constitution. The exhibit demonstrates how the exchange of stamps facilitates the exchange of ideas.

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Sun Yat-sen and Abraham Lincoln featured together on a stamp in 1942

 

Furthermore, the exhibit highlights how China adopted American technologies and ideas in the creation of the Chinese Bureau of Engraving and Printing, at least until Mao Zedong’s rise to power when they started to disassociate from America. It is enlightening to see how Chinese and American stamps co-developed in aesthetics and quality. If not for the markers it would be hard to tell what stamps were created in China or the US, as they both showed similar visual trends, such as bright colors in more modern times and simple monochromatic outlines in the earliest stamps. A particularly noteworthy part of the exhibit focuses on mistakes in the stamps, such as one Chinese stamp from the Cultural Revolution in 1968, where they painted all of China red but left Taiwan white. While the Taiwanese may have seen the mistake as a reason to celebrate, the Chinese government was quick to recall and destroy the stamps due to such a politically sensitive mistake.

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One of the most famous stamps from the Cultural Revolution in 1968, recalled due to mistake of leaving Taiwan white

One of the most effective techniques used by this exhibit was the way it structured the series of pages by using arrow keys at the bottom to lead the visitors from one page to another. Everything flowed easily and was divided into easy-to-understand categories. The large categories were commerce, culture, and community, and each category had several pages beneath them. By starting with a focus on the commodity and how it was traded in the commerce section before expanding outwards into the implications it had on the shared culture and community, the exhibit leads the visitor through a narrative of how stamps helped bridge cultures and create a sense of interconnectedness between China and the United States. In the section titled, “Shanghai China - surcharge postal announcement,” a short text explains what a surcharged stamp is and what significance it had in valuing the stamps in Chinese currency. Underneath that text is an image of a block of surcharged stamps, and to the left is a paper that is official communication describing the surcharges. The exhibit flows from one artifact to the next, and balances thoroughly describing the artifacts with letting them speak for themselves.

 

Another noteworthy part was when the exhibit chose to highlight how the American army communicated to home when stamps were restricted or lessened, such as during the Boxer Rebellion in 1900. The exhibit demonstrates how Americans used special postmarked stamps for two months when they couldn’t access other kinds of stamps. Similarly, during the occupation of Shanghai in 1939, no stamps were available to US soldiers and letters had to be shipped back stamp-less. Despite complicated geopolitics and the occasional devaluing of stamps, mail exchange never stopped happening. Visitors may also enjoy the proof of the first stamps created by Americans at the Chinese Bureau for Engraving and Printing which were rejected by the Chinese government for errors and consequently burned. The burned remnants of the surviving stamps serve as a powerful image of how Chinese officials retained sovereignty even when Americans were curating the stamps. The artifact which follows the burned stamps are proofs of the first locally produced Chinese stamps. The commonalities between the first Chinese stamps and the rejected American proofs illustrate the dichotomy between the Chinese government using American tactics but wanting to maintain its sovereignty.

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The exhibit proves to be entertaining to stamp enthusiasts and casual scrollers alike. Visitors can learn a lot about cross-cultural exchanges and get to see the changing face of stamps over time. Some of the shortcomings lie in the breadth of this exhibit. The exhibit includes stamps and events which span over 400 years, which can be hard to conceptualize in one exhibit. The extensive reach can sometimes include things that don’t add to the main message of the exhibit, such as the Coca Cola and China section, which distracts from the stamps and is only marginally related to stamp production through the role of the postmaster general. However, most of the exhibit is effective and the text that goes along with the stamps is brief, making for an easy to digest and enjoyable online experience.

The first proofs for Chinese stamps, but featured numerous mistakes and were burned

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